In these excision specimens, we observed that pure ADH seldom had many stromal lymphocytes (median 1%, range 0–2%), but that there were often lymphocytes in the stroma surrounding ADH coexisting with HG carcinoma, but not LG carcinoma (Fig. 2A), particularly if the ADH was in close proximity to the carcinoma (two-way ANOVA, Grade = 0.04, Block = 0.06, Additional Fig. 4). The gene discussed is AVP; the disease is carcinoma.