Endothelin-1, a vasoconstrictor peptide, was significantly increased in the T2D group (Fig. 1C) and correlated with hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction (3D LVM/height2.7: r = 0.27, p < 0.001; GLS: r = − 0.25, p < 0.01). Here, EDN1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.