Nrp1 interacts with both TGF-β and TNF-α receptors in distal TECs while activating the Nfkb1 and Smad3 pathway, regulating the secretion of collagen, suppressing OXPHOS, activating myofibroblasts, thereby accelerating the progression of acute and chronic kidney diseases. The gene discussed is SMAD3; the disease is chronic kidney disease.