Furthermore, numerous potential side effects have been identified, such as blockingTNFSF12 possibly increasing the occurrence of both AF and CES while simultaneously lowering the risk of VTE; inhibiting SLC22A4 seemingly reducing the occurrence of AF but increasing the incidence of SVS; and inhibiting SPARC also having the potential to protect against arterial embolism and thrombosis, with no other unfavorable effects identified. This evidence concerns the gene SPARC and atrial fibrillation.