TRIM21 and infection: On the other hand, TRIM21 has been described to be a negative regulator of the innate immune response following infection of myeloid dendritic cells and monocytes with DNA viruses, and upon infection of a human microglial cell line (CHME3) with single-stranded RNA virus Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) (Zhang et al, 2013; Manocha et al, 2014), which might point to a cell- and/or virus type-specific function of TRIM21 in the antiviral immune response.