Studies have shown that after TACE, the gene expression levels related to the exhaustion, costimulation, and cytotoxic characteristics of CD8 + T cells with robust antitumor activity significantly decrease, while the elevation of tumor-associated macrophages leads to marked immune suppression and promotes tumor angiogenesis, thus restoring tumor blood supply and resulting in TACE nonresponse [10]. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.