Additionally, research indicates that the expression of programmed death-1 (PD1) in TACE-HCC tumor cells is significantly higher than that in non-TACE-HCC, and in resected TACE tumors, the expression of both PD-1 and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in intratumoral inflammatory cells and tumor cells was significantly elevated compared with that in corresponding pre-TACE biopsies [11]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.