TNF and Sepsis: The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukins (IL)-10, -6, -8, and -1β, interferon-c, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 α, and tumor necrosis factor-α increases with decreasing serum zinc levels, especially in sepsis due to upregulation by pathogens and also in inflammatory conditions [9,10].