Under physiological conditions, activation of amylin receptors results in downstream cellular signaling via the ERK1/2 and Akt pathways (Visa et al., 2015; Fu et al., 2017) but, under conditions where blood glucose levels are high, such as in T2D, these signaling pathways are inhibited by activation of amylin receptors (Visa et al., 2015). Here, MAPK3 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.