TGFB1 and colorectal cancer: Modern pharmacological research has discovered that ginsenoside Rh4 triggers apoptosis and autophagy in colorectal cancer cells by activating the ROS/JNK/p53 pathway, while ginsenoside Rb2 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells through the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.