Zhou et al. showed that a fasting mimicking diet, consisting in 3 days of fasting followed by 4 days of refeeding in MPTP PD mice, reshaped gut microbiota composition and attenuated neuroinflammation by decreasing IL-1β levels and increasing BDNF levels in the striatum, thus offering innovative perspectives for the treatment of PD (Zhou et al., 2019). Here, IL1B is linked to Parkinson disease.