KEAP1 and colorectal cancer: Current studies have shown that piperine can inhibit colorectal cancer by regulating STAT3/Snail-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), Nrf-2/Keap-1, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways [10–12], indicating that piperine may affect colorectal cancer through multiple signaling pathways.