Importantly, treatment of MC38 tumor-derived TILs with the SMAD3 inhibitor (E)-SIS3 significantly enhanced the expression of effector cytokines in CD44+CD8+ T cells (Supplementary Fig. 11 and Fig. 4G), confirming the critical role of SMAD3 activation in suppressing memory CD8+ T cell function. This evidence concerns the gene CD44 and neoplasm.