SHKBP1 and autoimmune disease: Multiple pro-inflammatory mechanisms of action have been ascribed to hCG during inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (45, 46) and while previous studies have revealed a clear role for intracellular sB1 in preventing hPR3-mediated apoptosis and hCG-mediated necrosis, to our knowledge, this is the first study to suggest that hCG may play a role in NET formation and that exogenous sB1 may prevent that.