Mechanistically, ROS can activate numerous signaling pathways that contribute to cancer initiation and progression such as, but not limited to, the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (MAPKs), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), and the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways [43]. Here, AKT1 is linked to cancer.