Immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that block CTLA-4 (e.g., ipilimumab) [7], PD-1 (e.g., nivolumab, pembrolizumab) [8–10] and LAG3 (e.g., relatimab) [11], have demonstrated objective tumor regression in patients with advanced melanoma, using the activation of the immune system to generate an anti-tumor response. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and neoplasm.