IRF5 and neoplasm: Given that t-dEVs isolated from IRF5-low/negative cells were found to preferentially travel to the lungs in vivo, we next assessed the contribution of t-dEVs to lung PMN formation by t-dEV “pre-conditioning.” As depicted in Fig. 3d, mice were pre-conditioned with equal numbers of t-dEVs or liposomes via tail vein injection prior to tumor implantation44.