CASP3 and Cerebral ischemia: Li Fuyuan established a rat model of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion and found that treatment with SAL reduced the infarct rate; the mechanism may be through the inhibition of oxidative stress by upregulating the Nrf2/Trx1 signaling pathway, increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reducing the production of Caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 apoptotic proteins, and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis [28].