PTEN and glioma: Zhang et al. [119] identified through comprehensive clinical genomic analysis that characteristics of high-risk glioma patients with shortened survival include frequent copy number alterations, such as PTEN, CDKN2A/B deletions, EGFR amplification, fewer mutations in the IDH1 or CIC genes, high levels of immune-suppressive cell infiltration, activation of the G2M checkpoint, and oncogenic pathways involving oxidative phosphorylation.