CSF3 and cancer: In summation, our investigative foray illuminates the intricate role of G-CSF in advancing hepatocellular carcinoma progression, explicating a comprehensive mechanistic schema wherein G-CSF potentiates macrophage polarization towards a tumor-friendly M2 phenotype, instigates gene expression conducive to angiogenesis, and engages pivotal intracellular pathways that bolster the tenuous bridge between cancer proliferation and vascular development.