Most of the genes implicated in the pathogenesis of Robinow syndrome function in the non-canonical c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway except for FZD2, DVL1, DVL2 and DVL3, which also operate in the canonical/β-catenin-mediated WNT pathway. This evidence concerns the gene DVL3 and Robinow syndrome.