These include emphysema (SERPINA1 mutation) (11), thrombosis (SERPINC1 deficiency) (12), hereditary angioedema (SERPING1 deficiency) (13), cirrhosis (SERPINA1 polymerization) (14) and Alzheimer’s disease (SERPINA3 polymorphism) (15). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA1 and pulmonary emphysema.