TNF and coinfection: Bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from M.tb-infected and co-infected mice contained significantly elevated IL-6, TNF-α, IFNγ, IP-10, MIP-1a, MCP-1, and KC-GRO at days 1 and 3 post-co-infection, while the SARS-CoV-2 infection group displayed delayed induction of these same effector molecules until day 7 (Figure 4).