CD47 and urinary bladder carcinoma: Cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) or an integrin-associated protein (IAP) is ubiquitously expressed on normal cells and upregulated in various malignancies including hematologic malignancies such as leukemia/lymphoma [52] and solid tumors such as ovarian cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma [53].