In addition, given the evidence of the cultured lung fibroblasts being more sensitive to anti-GPC1 mAb treatment than NSCLC cells, and the significantly decreased vimentin protein expression in anti-GPC1 mAb-treated LL97A lung fibroblast monocultures and mouse lung tissues, it is postulated that selective inhibition of GPC1 may reduce the fibroblasts-led collective invasion of tumor cells. This evidence concerns the gene VIM and neoplasm.