Stable transfection of a full-length GPC1 antisense construct downregulated GPC1 gene expression in Colo-357 pancreatic cancer cells, resulting in decreases in anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth, TGFβ1-induced cell growth inhibition, nuclear translocation of phospho-Smad-2 and activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) promoter [28]. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and pancreatic neoplasm.