Kamochi et al. (2008) showed that after irradiation, fibroblasts upregulated TGFβ1 expression, underwent myofibroblast differentiation and increased the invasive growth of OSCC cells. Huang et al. (2021) showed higher amount of CAF in radioresistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma than the radiosensitive lesions which was modulated through IL-8/NF-κB signalling. Tranilast, a drug known to inhibit TGFβ signaling and fibrosis was shown to interfere with this mechanism (Huang et al., 2021). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.