TBX1 and neoplasm: For example, TBX1 plays a tumor-promoting role in basal cell carcinoma and TBX3 plays a tumor-promoting role in basal cell carcinoma in HCC, melanocytoma, and bladder cancer, whereas TBX1 and TBX3 exert a tumor-suppressing effect on thyroid cancer and fibrosarcoma, respectively [85, 91–96].