The antipsychotic drug penfluridol inhibits Dopamine Receptor D2 (DRD2) to eliminate the CSCs associated phenotype of renal cell carcinoma mediated by the hedgehog pathway, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and enhancing the efficacy of the targeted drug sunitinib (Fig. 8i).903 However, the use of sunitinib also enriches CSC subsets in renal cell carcinoma. Here, DRD2 is linked to hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.