IL6 and breast cancer: Vesicles originating from lung CSCs augment Apurinic Endonuclease 1 (APE1) expression in NSCLC, subsequently activating the IL-6/STAT3 axis, thus contributing to erlotinib resistance (Fig. 8d).887 Further, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1), which promotes breast cancer stemness through the WNT/β-Catenin pathway, was identified as a key factor in palbociclib resistance, a CDK4/6-related targeted drug (Fig. 8e).888 While the majority of studies suggest that heightened stemness in thoracic tumors fosters resistance to targeted drugs, Huang et al. reported a contrasting finding.