Activation of PPARγ induced by inhibiting TRAF2- and NCK-Interacting Protein Kinase (TNIK) correlates with the reduction of osteosarcoma cell stemness and their differentiation into adipocytes.511 Downregulation of PPARD in the acidic microenvironment of colorectal cancer inhibits Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) expression, promoting the emergence of a CSC phenotype.512 Similarly, PPARγ activation effectively inhibits the stem cell phenotype of bladder cancer.513 Moreover, besides fat metabolism, the PPAR pathway also regulates CSC characteristics through glucose metabolism. Here, VDR is linked to osteosarcoma.