SOX2 binds to the promoter of CD24 to upregulate its expression, activating Src and STAT3 and conferring adaptive resistance rather than acquired resistance to melanoma cells against targeted therapy (Fig. 8h).901 Additionally, the NRG-1β/ErbB-3 axis and the AKT pathway are critical for colon CSC resistance to vemurafenib.902. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and melanoma.