We analyzed scRNA-seq of >14,000 melanoma cells from treatment-naive patients with stage III/IV melanoma who later received ICB (nivolumab or ipilimumab and nivolumab) and we found ALDH1A3-high expression associated with “non-responders,” while ALDH1A3-low expression was associated with "responders" to ICB (Figure 1H). This evidence concerns the gene ALDH1A3 and melanoma.