NLRP3 and Cognitive impairment: In an inflammatory milieu, activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome leads to upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), exacerbating neuronal apoptosis and worsening cognitive impairment (Jin et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2019).