This complex of nanoparticles selectively accumulates in tumor sites, triggering ferroptosis by inducing ROS production and regulating the expression of KEAP1, NRF2, and HMOX1, which in turn elevates the labile iron pool in 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c model mice (Zhao et al., 2023b). The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is neoplasm.