SNCA and Parkinson disease: Although the causes of PD are still controversial, varying from gene mutations (Billingsley et al., 2018) to non-genetic risk factors, such as exposure to toxic environment (Chen et al., 2021), chronic insomnia, dietary factors and so on (Reichmann et al., 2022), it is characterized by the progressive death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the accumulation of α-synuclein (Cheng et al., 2010; Alcalay et al., 2019).