An increased frequency of T64N was reported in the CSF, CNS and lymphoid tissue of PWH deceased with HIV-associated dementia or encephalitis.54 It was shown that T64 increases Tat phosphorylation, which increases binding to the transactivation response element and subsequent viral replication.55 In contrast T64N decreases viral replication, therefore potentially decreasing SRNCs. Here, TAT is linked to dementia.