Despite numerous studies demonstrating the involvement of inflammatory factors and their resultant products, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8,IFN-γ, TNF-α and CRP in the pathogenesis of AF [8, 24–27], there remains a lack of research investigating the association between these novel systemic inflammatory markers and AF or PAF. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is atrial fibrillation.