Interestingly, whilst our results show upregulation of IL-17 in the gut tissue from CIA but not asymptomatic OIT mice, the most striking changes appear to reflect OIT-induced switches in the cellular networks of IL-17+ and IL-22+ cells in the gut, with these cytokines being predominantly produced by innate effector cells like NKT and ILCs, rather than the CD4+ helper and γδ T cells driving systemic autoimmunity in CIA29. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and Autoimmunity.