Human SCs express obesity-related genes (ORG, MC4R, GNPDA2, TMEM18, and FTO), and the expression of GNPDA2 and TMEM18 proteins in SCs has been reported to increase after incubation with leptin and ghrelin, leading to a modulation of the nutritional support provided for spermatogenesis135. Here, GNPDA2 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.