Additionally, Parkin has been shown to protect against proteasomal malfunctioning and toxicity caused by alpha-synuclein, further emphasizing its neuroprotective properties and its potential significance in understanding Parkinsons disease pathology (Betarbet et al. 2005; Qiao et al. 2008; Doyle et al. 2011; Pirooznia et al. 2020). The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.