We subsequently employed the TCGA-HCC, GSE76427, and ICGC-HCC datasets as the training and validation datasets and established the risk signature for HCC patients, which contained six OXPHOS-related genes (MRPS23, MPV17, MAPK3, IGF2BP2, CDK5, and IDH2). This evidence concerns the gene CDK5 and hepatocellular carcinoma.