We have previously reported that IPF lung tissue exhibits increased glycolysis, including increased expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) A and production of lactate, and that lactate promotes fibrogenesis in vitro by activating latent TGFβ, which promotes myofibroblast differentiation (Kottmann et al., 2012). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.