ALB and chronic kidney disease: This tool focused on six modifiable factors in DKD, which are derived from the National Institutes of Health’s National Kidney Disease Education Program (NIH/ NKDEP) and includes statin use, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measured within the last 6 months, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio measured within the last year, CKD stage, a yellow caution over-the-counter (OTC) medication list to decrease iatrogenic kidney injury, and smoking cessation [36].