CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Promising efficiencies have been achieved in treating various solid tumors, such as melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and lymphoma, through immunotherapy strategies such as anti-programmed cell death 1/ligand 1 (PD-1)/(PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) (Juric et al., 2024).