A pilot study of 5-week supplementation with a BOV-COL product (CBP; 0.15 gCBP·lb-1·day-1) alone or in combination with a probiotic (Bifidobacterium infantis; CBP + B. infantis) in children with autism and comorbid gastrointestinal symptoms reported a reduction in the frequency of CD4+ producing IL-13 after CBP + B. infantis co-supplementation and a reduction in the frequency of CD8+ producing TNF-α after CBP supplementation in PBMCs (51). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and autism.