MMP1 and rheumatoid arthritis: Furthermore, BBR was shown to regulate the proliferation and adhesion of RA-FLS cells through the RAS/MAPK/FOXO/HIF-1 signaling pathway, as well as reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, RANKL, and TNF-α, thereby combating rheumatoid arthriti (Li et al., 2023).