BBR treatment significantly upregulates Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression in rat skeletal muscle, and can inhibit malondialdehyde levels, alleviate oxidative stress by increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione levels, and at least partially improve insulin resistance through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway (Cheng et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and Insulin resistance.