Specifically, the infiltration of TREM-1+ TAMs within the hypoxic HCC microenvironment plays a pivotal role in conferring resistance to anti-PD-L1 therapy, accomplished through the recruitment of CCR6+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells through CCL20 secretion (Wu et al., 2019a). This evidence concerns the gene FOXP3 and hepatocellular carcinoma.