The NEOSTAR trial studying neoadjuvant nivolumab and ipilimumab versus nivolumab evaluated the immune cell infiltration of pre- and post-therapy tumor specimens using multiplex immunofluorescence and demonstrated that dual-immunotherapy combination induced greater overall tumor infiltration of CD3+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes, tissue-resident memory cells, and effector memory T cells than single-agent nivolumab [58]. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.