ACE and angioedema: Though angioedema was not a primary endpoint and the definition of "angioedema event" was not defined in the study protocols, it was noted that in the saxagliptin group (N=8280) and the placebo group (N=8218), there were eight cases of non-fatal angioedema vs one in the placebo group [41]. A disproportionality analysis of VigiBase was conducted in 2020, and findings indicated that concomitant use of ACE inhibitors and DPP-IV inhibitors as a class, not a singular gliptin, had increased reports of bradykinin-mediated angioedema.