Dedifferentiation consists of the beta cells regressing to a precursor-like state, losing the key components needed for proper insulin secretion.92 There is evidence to further indicate that upon beta cell dedifferentiation, the cells could be going through trans-differentiation into the other pancreatic endocrine cell types, alpha and/or delta cells, which have their own separate functions.93 To fully understand the autoimmune aspects of T1D, organ-on-a-chip models containing a pancreatic cell component are and will continue to be of vital use. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.