PDCD1 and melanoma: Preclinically, we demonstrated that EZN‐2968, an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α)[23] can reduce ALCAMhigh macrophages and restore exhausted CD8+ T cells, therefore demonstrating synergistic effects when combined with PD‐1 mAb in the treatment of melanoma and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) immune competent mouse models.