Interestingly, a previous study revealed VCAM1 overexpressed on endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles during sepsis, facilitating the activation of the NF-κB pathway by interacting with integrin subunit alpha 4 (ITGA4) on the monocyte surface thereby regulating monocyte differentiation [46]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is Sepsis.