The NAFLD (+) group had significantly greater AT indices, Tg levels, TyG indices, FBG levels, insulin levels, HbA1c levels and HOMA-IR levels than did the NAFLD (-) group (P = 0.012; P = 0.049; P = 0.002; P = 0.013; P = 0.02; P = 0.012; P = 0.001, respectively). Here, INS is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.