Further, the 4 CEACAM1+ metaclusters mapped to distinct locations within the viSNE coordinates (Fig. 8g) and represented approximately 22–24% of the tumor-associated CD8+ T cells that were mostly derived from metaclusters M3 and M9 with fewer contributions from M1 and M2 (Supplementary Fig. 7c). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.